Publications
(2024). with Anik Waldow. The art of thinking as an intersubjective practice: Eloquence, affect, and association in the Port-Royal Logic. European Journal of Philosophy. 1-18. Published Open Access.
In the Port-Royal Logic, Arnauld and Nicole argue that eloquence plays a crucial role in the cultivation of the art of thinking. In this essay, we demonstrate that Arnauld and Nicole's reflections on eloquence exemplify the need to reconceive the larger framework in which Cartesian theories of ideas operate. Instead of understanding epistemic agents as solitary thinkers who pursue their intellectual goals without the influence of others, our analysis shows that for Arnauld and Nicole thinking well was an intersubjective discursive activity that unfolds between complexly organized persons. Central to this activity is the ability to gauge the affective and associative tendencies of interlocutors and to communicate accordingly. This ability is required to enable speakers to deal constructively with problems arising from the context sensitivity of language, the influences of the passions, and the audience's capacity to decipher meaning in the communication of ideas that facilitate understanding and knowledge. By drawing attention to communication, affect, and association in the Port-Royal Logic, we show that there is a significant connection between thinking and expressing oneself well in the early modern period.
(2022). Writing Women into the History of Philosophy: Contextualism Re-Examined. Journal of the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists. Published Open Access.
Contextualism is an established approach in the history of philosophy. This paper explores the advantages and disadvantages of contextualism as it is used in the examination of philosophical works produced by women whose work has, until recent decades, been neglected by historians of philosophy. It examines how various options for practicing contextualist history of philosophy might help to explain a woman’s participation in philosophy or undermine her intellectual authority and obscure our understanding of her work. The paper concludes with three suggestions for writing and teaching work produced by women that are informed by the methodological considerations addressed in the paper in order to avoid some of the epistemically harmful outcomes that can emerge when placing a woman’s work in her patriarchal context.
(2021). Moral improvement through mathematics: Antoine Arnauld and Pierre Nicole’s Nouveaux éléments de géométrie. Synthese, 199, 1727–1749.
This paper examines the ethical and religious dimensions of mathematical practice in the early modern era by offering an interpretation of Antoine Arnauld and Pierre Nicole’s Nouveaux éléments de géométrie (1667). According to these important figures of seventeenth-century French philosophy and theology, mathematics could achieve extra-mathematical or non-mathematical goals; that is, mathematics could foster practices of moral self-improvement, deepen the mathematician’s piety and cultivate epistemic virtues. The Nouveaux éléments de géométrie, which I contend offers the most robust account of the virtues cultivated by mathematics in the period, was envisaged by its authors to cultivate moral, Christian and epistemic virtues that could serve in the fulfilment of moral and Christian obligations. In this paper, I set out the goals of mathematical inquiry for the Port-Royalists and describe the specific virtues they believed a revised edition of the Elements of Euclid could foster. I show that Arnauld and Nicole believed that an acquaintance with mathematics could render a student of Euclid more just, truth-loving, attentive and humble, and better able to discern truth from falsity.
This research was discussed by Dr Nicolas Fillion (SFU) in an interview with the Canadian newspaper La Source.
In Press
Book Reviews
(in press). The First Rule of Geometers: Arnauld and Nicole’s Theory of Definition. In David Bronstein & Peter Anstey (eds.) Definitions and Essences from Aristotle to Kant. Routledge: London
The theory of definition presented by Arnauld and Nicole plays an indispensable role in recommendations for thinking well, avoiding error, acquiring knowledge, and guaranteeing demonstrative certainty. Indeed, definition was so central to their project of describing the operations of the mind and reforming epistemic practice that it featured prominently in their discussion of three operations of the mind – conceiving, judging, and ordering – which replaced reasoning as indispensable to thinking well. Not only was definition central to an education in the art of thinking and key to their theory of knowledge, the Port-Royalists saw definition as fundamental to reshaping mathematical practice in their time. In this way, Arnauld and Nicole’s theory of definition had significant practical, epistemological, and mathematical consequences. Despite the importance of this to their philosophical and practical projects, their theory of definition has remained underexplored by scholars of Port-Royal.
(2016). Review of Mathematicians and their Gods: Interactions Between Mathematics and Religious Beliefs by Snezana Lawrence and Mark McCartney. The British Journal for the History of Science 49: 526–527.
(2013). Review of Occasionalism: Causation Among the Cartesians, by Steven Nadler. Intellectual History Review 23: 277–9.
Non-Traditional
(2018). Exhibition. Rare Books and Special Collections. “The Art of Mathematics: Rare Works from the Fisher Collection 1500-1800”, The University of Sydney.